Strengthening Blood Supply Chain Performance and Transfusion Safety through Blockchain and IoT Integration

Strengthening Blood Supply Chain Performance and Transfusion Safety through Blockchain and IoT Integration

Title

Strengthening Blood Supply Chain Performance and Transfusion Safety through Blockchain and IoT Integration

Authors

• Rana Hassam Ahmed
  Department of Computer Science, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
• Muhammad Imran
  Department of Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Security, Washington University of Science and Technology, USA
• Naseer Ahmad
  Department of Computer Science, Lewis University, USA
• Muhammad Danish Rasheed
  Department of Information Technology, Berkeley City College, Berkeley, USA
• Amirmohammad Delshadi
• Younus Khan
  Department of Computer and Information Science, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, USA
• Muhammad Akram
  Harper Community College, 1200 Algonquin Rd, Palatine, IL 60067, USA
• Waleed Khan
  College of DuPage, 425 Fawell Blvd, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to address key challenges in blood donation systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, by proposing a scalable framework to ensure safe, efficient, and equitable blood supply management while improving traceability and reducing preventable health risks.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A population-scale framework integrating blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT)–based monitoring, and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) storage is proposed. IoT sensors continuously monitor environmental conditions, while blockchain smart contracts enable secure donor verification, automated consent management, and immutable logging. Large datasets are stored off-chain using IPFS, with cryptographic hashes maintained on-chain. The system was evaluated using public datasets and simulated workflows.
Findings: Results show donor eligibility accuracy above 96%, stable throughput of 77–80 transactions per second, and reliable cold-chain compliance with a Blood Storage Quality Index of 0.98. The framework outperforms traditional systems in scalability and transparency. The study is limited by simulation-based validation and requires future real-world deployment.
Practical and Social Implications: The system improves blood safety, reduces wastage, enhances trust, and supports better healthcare delivery.
Originality/Value: This work offers a novel integration of blockchain, IoT, and IPFS for scalable, transparent blood supply management.

Keywords

Population health metrics, blood donation management, blockchain, Internet of Things, cold-chain monitoring, health system performance

Classification-JEL

I11, I18, L86, L91, O33

Pages

292-322

How to Cite

Ahmed, R. H., Imran, M., Ahmad, N., Rasheed, M. D., Delshadi, A., Khan, Y., Akram, M., & Khan, W. (2026). Strengthening Blood Supply Chain Performance and Transfusion Safety through Blockchain and IoT Integration. Advances in Decision Sciences, 30(4), 292-322.

https://doi.org/10.47654/v30y2026i4p292-322